46 research outputs found
Waveform-independent frame-timing acquisition for UWB signals
In this paper, the problem of frame-level symbol
timing acquisition for UWB signals is addressed. The main goal
is the derivation of a frame-level timing estimator which does not
require any prior knowledge of neither the transmitted symbols
nor the received template waveform. The independence with
respect to the received waveform is of special interest in UWB
communication systems, where a fast and accurate estimation of
the end-to-end channel response is a challenging and computationally
demanding task. The proposed estimator is derived under the
unconditional maximum likelihood criterion, and because of the
low power of UWB signals, the low-SNR assumption is adopted. As
a result, an optimal frame-level timing estimator is derived which
outperforms existing acquisition methods in low-SNR scenarios.Peer Reviewe
NDA waveform estimation in the low-SNR regime
This correspondence addresses the problem of nondata-aided
waveform estimation for digital communications. Based on the unconditional
maximum likelihood criterion, the main contribution of this correspondence
is the derivation of a closed-form solution to the waveform estimation
problem in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime. The proposed estimation
method is based on the second-order statistics of the received signal
and a clear link is established between maximum likelihood estimation and
correlation matching techniques. Compression with the signal-subspace is
also proposed to improve the robustness against the noise and to mitigate
the impact of abnormals or outliers.Peer Reviewe
Asymptotic equivalence between the unconditional maximum likelihood and the square-law nonlinearity symbol timing estimation
This paper provides a systematic approach to the
problem of nondata aided symbol-timing estimation for linear
modulations. The study is performed under the unconditional
maximum likelihood framework where the carrier-frequency
error is included as a nuisance parameter in the mathematical
derivation. The second-order moments of the received signal are
found to be the sufficient statistics for the problem at hand and they
allow the provision of a robust performance in the presence of a
carrier-frequency error uncertainty. We particularly focus on the
exploitation of the cyclostationary property of linear modulations.
This enables us to derive simple and closed-form symbol-timing
estimators which are found to be based on the well-known square
timing recovery method by Oerder and Meyr. Finally, we generalize
the OM method to the case of linear modulations with
offset formats. In this case, the square-law nonlinearity is found
to provide not only the symbol-timing but also the carrier-phase
error.Peer Reviewe
Detection of PPM-UWB random signals
This paper focuses on the symbol detection problem of random pulse-position modulation (PPM) ultrawideband (UWB) signals in the absence of interframe interference. Particular attention is devoted to severely time-varying channels where optimal detectors are proposed for both uncorrelated and correlated scattering scenarios. This is done by assuming the received waveforms to be unknown parameters. In UWB communication systems, the assumption of unknown random waveforms is consistent with the fact that the received waveform has very little resemblance with the original transmitted pulse. In order to circumvent this limitation, a conditional approach is presented herein by compressing the likelihood ratio test with the information regarding the second-order moments of the end-to-end channel response. Both full-rank and rank-one detectors are derived. For the reduced complexity rank-one detector, an iterative procedure is presented that maximizes the J-divergence between the hypotheses to be tested. Finally, simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed detectors in different propagation environments.Peer Reviewe
Computer-Aided Validation of Formal Conceptual Models
Conceptual modelling is the process of the software life cycle concerned with the identification and specification of requirements for the system to be built. The use of formal specification languages provides more precise and concise specifications. Nevertheless, there is still a need for techniques to support the validation of formal specifications against the informal user requirements. A limitation of formal specifications is that they cannot readily be understood by users unless they have been specially trained. However, user validation can be facilitated by exploiting the executable aspects of formal specification languages. This thesis presents a systematic approach and workbench environment to support the construction and validation through animation of TROLL specifications. Our approach is an iterative requirements definition process consisting of the formal specification of requirements, the automatic transformation of the specification into an executable form, and the interactive animation of the executable version to validate user requirements. To provide objects with persistence in the animation environment, we analyse how the static structure of TROLL objects can be mapped into relational tables. In order to execute the specification, we analyse the operational meaning of state transitions in TROLL, determine an execution model, and describe the transformation of the specifications into C++ code. We present a prototype implementation of the workbench environment.Die konzeptionelle Modellierung ist die Phase im Softwareentwurf, die sich mit der Identifikation und der Spezifikation von Systemanforderungen befasst. Formale Spezifikationssprachen ermöglichen prĂ€zisere und eindeutigere Spezifikationen. Trotzdem werden Techniken zur Validierung von formalen Spezifikationen bezĂŒglich der informellen Benutzeranforderungen weiterhin benötigt. Ein Nachteil von formalen Spezifikationen ist, dass sie fĂŒr Benutzer ohne entsprechende Vorkenntnisse nicht leicht verstĂ€ndlich sind. Die Einbeziehung der Benutzer in den Validierungsprozess kann jedoch durch die AusfĂŒhrung der Spezifikation vereinfacht werden. Diese Arbeit liefert einen systematischen Ansatz und eine Entwicklungsumgebung fĂŒr die Konstruktion von TROLL-Spezifikationen und deren Validierung durch Animation. Unser Ansatz basiert auf einem iterativen Prozess zur Anforderungsdefinition bestehend aus der formalen Spezifikation von Anforderungen, der automatischen Ăbersetzung der Spezifikation in eine ausfĂŒhrbare Form, und der interaktiven Animation um die Benutzeranforderungen zu validieren. Um die ObjektzustĂ€nde in der Animationsumgebung persistent zu halten, wird untersucht, wie die statische Struktur von TROLL-Objekten in relationale Tabellen umgesetzt werden kann. Um die Spezifikationen auszufĂŒhren, wird die operationale Bedeutung von TROLL-ZustandsĂŒbergĂ€ngen analysiert und ein AusfĂŒhrungsmodell festgelegt. AnschlieĂend wird die Ăbersetzung von den Spezifikationen in C++ beschrieben. Wir zeigen eine prototypische Implementierung der Animationsumgebung
Wide-Geographic and Long-Term Analysis of the Role of Pathogens in the Decline of Pinna nobilis to Critically Endangered Species
A mass mortality event (MME) affecting the fan mussel Pinna nobilis was first detected in Spain in autumn 2016 and spread north- and eastward through the Mediterranean Sea. Various pathogens have been blamed for contributing to the MME, with emphasis in Haplosporidium pinnae, Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. In this study, samples from 762 fan mussels (necropsies from 263 individuals, mantle biopsies from 499) of various health conditions, with wide geographic and age range, taken before and during the MME spread from various environments along Mediterranean Sea, were used to assess the role of pathogens in the MME. The number of samples processed by both histological and molecular methods was 83. The most important factor playing a main role on the onset of the mass mortality of P. nobilis throughout the Mediterranean Sea was the infection by H. pinnae. It was the only non-detected pathogen before the MME while, during MME spreading, its prevalence was higher in sick and dead individuals than in asymptomatic ones, in MME-affected areas than in non-affected sites, and it was not associated with host size, infecting both juveniles and adults. Conversely, infection with mycobacteria was independent from the period (before or during MME), from the affection of the area by MME and from the host health condition, and it was associated with host size. Gram (-) bacteria neither appeared associated with MME.En prens
Wide-Geographic and Long-Term Analysis of the Role of Pathogens in the Decline of Pinna nobilis to Critically Endangered Species
20 PĂĄg.A mass mortality event (MME) affecting the fan mussel Pinna nobilis was first detected in Spain in autumn 2016 and spread north- and eastward through the Mediterranean Sea. Various pathogens have been blamed for contributing to the MME, with emphasis in Haplosporidium pinnae, Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. In this study, samples from 762 fan mussels (necropsies from 263 individuals, mantle biopsies from 499) of various health conditions, with wide geographic and age range, taken before and during the MME spread from various environments along Mediterranean Sea, were used to assess the role of pathogens in the MME. The number of samples processed by both histological and molecular methods was 83. The most important factor playing a main role on the onset of the mass mortality of P. nobilis throughout the Mediterranean Sea was the infection by H. pinnae. It was the only non-detected pathogen before the MME while, during MME spreading, its prevalence was higher in sick and dead individuals than in asymptomatic ones, in MME-affected areas than in non-affected sites, and it was not associated with host size, infecting both juveniles and adults. Conversely, infection with mycobacteria was independent from the period (before or during MME), from the affection of the area by MME and from the host health condition, and it was associated with host size. Gram (-) bacteria neither appeared associated with MME.This work was funded by: DG Pesca i Medi Mari (GOIB),EsMarEs (order IEO by MITECO, Spanish government), Life UFE IP-PAF INTEMARES (LIFE15 IPE ES 012) âGestiĂłn integrada, innovadora y participativa de la Red Natura 2000 en el medio marino español,â the research project âEstado
de conservaciĂłn del bivalvo amenazado Pinna nobilis en el PNACâ (OAPN 024/2010), the project RECONNECT (MIS 5017160) of the Programme Interreg V-B âBalkan-Mediterranean 2014â2020.â MTES (French Government), DREAL (Direction RĂ©gionale Environnement AmĂ©nagement Logement) and RĂ©gion Occitanie (France) for funding research and monitoring of Pinna.GC and PP were contracted under the INIA-CCAA cooperative research programme for postdoctoral incorporation from the Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) (DOC INIA 8/2013 and 15/2015). MV-L was supported by a Juan de la Cierva-IncorporaciĂłn postdoctoral contract (ICJI-2016-29329, MICIU Programme). ML-S and EĂ were supported by a Personal TĂ©cnico de Apoyo contract MINECO programme (PTA2015-11709-I and PTA2015-10829- I, respectively). CP and GS were supported by the project RECONNECT (MIS 5017160) financed by the Transnational Cooperation Programme Interreg V-B âBalkan-Mediterranean 2014â2020â and co-funded by the European Union and national funds of the participating countries. CP was supported by
Sorbonne University.Peer reviewe
Adopting a High-Polyphenolic Diet Is Associated with an Improved Glucose Profile: Prospective Analysis within the PREDIMED-Plus Trial
Previous studies suggested that dietary polyphenols could reduce the incidence and complications of type-2 diabetes (T2D); although the evidence is still limited and inconsistent. This work analyzes whether changing to a diet with a higher polyphenolic content is associated with an improved glucose profile. At baseline, and at 1 year of follow-up visits, 5921 participants (mean age 65.0 ± 4.9, 48.2% women) who had overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome filled out a validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which polyphenol intakes were calculated. Energy-adjusted total polyphenols and subclasses were categorized in tertiles of changes. Linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts (the recruitment centers) were used to assess associations between changes in polyphenol subclasses intake and 1-year plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Increments in total polyphenol intake and some classes were inversely associated with better glucose levels and HbA1c after one year of follow-up. These associations were modified when the analyses were run considering diabetes status separately. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the relationship between changes in the intake of all polyphenolic groups and T2D-related parameters in a senior population with T2D or at high-risk of developing T2
Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio